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This is a list of paradoxes, grouped thematically. The grouping is approximate, as paradoxes may fit into more than one category. Because of varying definitions of the term ''paradox'', some of the following are not considered to be paradoxes by everyone. This list collects only scenarios that have been called a paradox by at least one source and have their own article. Although considered paradoxes, some of these are based on fallacious reasoning, or incomplete/faulty analysis. Informally, the term is often used to describe a counter-intuitive result. ==Logic== * The supposition that if one of two simultaneous assumptions leads to a contradiction, the other assumption is also disproved leads to paradoxical consequences. Not to be confused with the Barber paradox. * "Whatever Logic is good enough to tell me is worth ''writing down''...", also known as ''Carroll's paradox'', not to be confused with the physical paradox of the same name. * A situation in which someone is in need of something that can only be had by not being in need of it. * In any pub there is a customer of whom it is true to say: if that customer drinks, everybody in the pub drinks. * Inconsistent premises always make an argument valid. * If there is one winning ticket in a large lottery, it is reasonable to believe of any particular lottery ticket that it is not the winning ticket, but it is not reasonable to believe that no lottery ticket will win. * (or Hempel's Ravens): Observing a green apple increases the likelihood of all ravens being black. * Disjunction introduction poses a problem for imperative inference by seemingly permitting arbitrary imperatives to be inferred. * The day of the hanging will be a surprise, so it cannot happen at all, so it will be a surprise. The ''surprise examination'' and Bottle Imp paradox use similar logic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of paradoxes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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